UHA Biology Notes 9th Class

          Chapter-3

 Important short Question: 

1. Define Taxonomy?

Ans:

The branch of biology which studies about naming and classification of organisms into groups and subgroups is called taxonomy.

2. What is meant by biodiversity?

Ans:

The term biodiversity has been derived from bio and diversity. The variety within species and among species is called biodiversity.

3. Write down two characteristics of the kingdom Protista.

Ans:

In this kingdom eukaryotic, unicellular and simpler multicultural organisms are included.

Animals like protists i.e protozoa are also included. Whose cells lack cell walls and chlorophyll.

4. What is the five-kingdom system?

Ans: 

The classification system in which living organisms are classified in five groups is called the Five kingdom classification system. This system is based upon the cellular organization and mode of nutrition.

5. Describe two reasons for deforestation?

Ans:

Deforestation is done for using land for pasture and urban development. To produce money through fruits, sugar, soap, rubber and different food products, Deforestation is done.

6. What do you place Viruses status?

Ans:

Viruses are acellular i.e they do not have cellular organization. Viruses are not considered as organisms and thus are not included in the five-kingdom classification system. Viruses show some characters of living organisms and also show some characters of non-living organisms. Viruses contain either RNA or DNA, normally encased in a protein coat. They reproduce only in living cells, where they cause a number of diseases. Viruses due to their crystalline nature are considered as non-living. They are not considered as organisms and thus are not included in the Five kingdom classification system.

7. Name the national bird and national animal of Pakistan?

Ans:

Chakor (Patridge) is the national bird of Pakistan, while markhor is the national animal of Pakistan.

8. Define classification and give its objectives?

Ans:

The division of living organisms into their groups and subgroups based upon similarities and differences is called classification.

To determine similarities and differences among organisms so that they can be studied easily.

Evolutionary relationships are also found out by classification.

9. Define "Taxonomic Hierarchy"?

Ans:

These are the groups in which livings are classified are called Taxonomic categories or Texa.

These texa join to form a ladder called taxonomic hierarchy.

10. Write the difference between prions and viroids?

Ans:

Prions and viroids are cellular particles and are not included in the Five kingdom classification system. The major prions are made of proteins only while viroids are made up of circular RNA only.

11. What is the scientific name of Onion and House Crow?

Ans:

The scientific name of onion is Allium cepa and house crow is Corvus splendens.

12. What is deforestation?

Ans:

The cutting of forests is called deforestation.

13. Write two important characteristics of kingdom fungi?

Ans:

Fungi are absorptive in their nutritional mode. Most Fungi are decomposers. They live on organic material, secrete digestive enzymes and absorb foods.

14. What is endangered Species?

Ans: 

A species is called Endangered when it is at risk of extinction in near future.

15. Name three endangered Species in Pakistan?

Ans:

Indus dolphin, Macro polo sheep and houbara bustard are endangered species in Pakistan.

16. Write two points on the importance of biodiversity?

Ans:

Biodiversity is very important in the following ways:

i:-)Biodiversity is a great source of food for livings on land.

ii:-)A significant proportion of drugs is obtained from biological sources directly or indirectly.

17. Differentiate between Endangered And Extinct Species?

Ans:

Extinct species: In an ecosystem, a species is called extinct when there is no doubt that the last individual of that species has died in that ecosystem.

Endangered Species: A species is called Endangered species when it is at risk of extinction in near future.

18. Write a short note on Marco polo sheep?

Ans:

Marco Polo sheep are mostly found in the Khunjerb National Park and nearby areas. The sheep have an endangered status and their numbers have been rapidly decreasing in the last two decades. WWF-P has started projects for its conservation.

19. Who is Carlos Linnaeus? Why is he Famous?

Ans:

He was a Swedish biologist. He first introduced and adopted the system of binomial nomenclature. His system spread rapidly and he became popular.

20. Write down the names of four different kingdoms of organisms?

Ans:

Organisms are classified in the following kingdoms:

Monera

Protista

Fungi

Plantae

21. What is the basic unit of Classification?

Ans:

Species are the basic unit of classification. A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed freely among them and produce fertile offspring but are reproductively isolated from all other groups in nature.

22. Compare taxonomy and systematic?

Ans:

The branch of biology that deals with classifications is called Taxonomy and the branch which deals with the classification and also traces the evolutionary history of organisms is known as systematic.

23. What is the basis of a five-kingdom system?

Ans:

The Five kingdom classification system is based on the level of cellular organization i.e prokaryotic unicellular eukaryotic and multicellular eukaryotic.

The principal modes of nutrition i.e photosynthesis, absorption and ingestion.

24. What is the biological name of humans and pea?

Ans:

The biological name of humans is homo sapiens and pea is Pisum sativum.

Long Question 

1. Describe importance of biodiversity?

Ans:

Importance of biodiversity:

Biodiversity provides food for humans. A significant proportion of drugs are derived directly or indirectly, from biological sources . A wide range of industrial materials e.g. buildings materials,