UHA Biology Notes 9th Class

         Chapter-1

 Important short Question: 

1. What is science?

Ans:

Science is the study in which observation are made, experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principles of nature.

2. Define Biology and write also its meaning and derivation? (2015)

Ans:

The scientific study of life is called biology. The word " biology" has been derived from two Greek words; 'bios' meaning 'life' 'logos' meaning 'thought and reasoning'.

3. What are the thoughts of Dr. Abdu's Salam about science?

Ans:

According to  Dr. Abdu's Salam:

"Scientific knowledge is the common heritage of mankind".

4. Difference between genetics and inheritance?

Ans:

The study of gene and their roles in inheritance is called genetics. Inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to other.

5.Define Morphology? (2012,2015)

Ans:

"This branch deals with the study of form and structure of living organisms".

6. What do you know about Pharmacology?

Ans:

It is study of drugs and their effects on the systems of human body.

Example:

Paracetamol used as a pain-killer.

7.Define Biotechnology? Elaborate its usefulness. (2016,2018)

Ans:

It deals with the practical application of living organisms to make substance for the welfare of mankind.

8. What are parasites? Give its example.(2013, 2015)

Ans:

Parasites are the organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and, in return, harm them.

Example: 

A few example of parasites are tapeworms, fleas, and barnacles. 

9. What are the major biological issues today? (KWP 2014, SWL 2014, GRW 2014, MTN 2015)

Ans:

The major biological issues of today are as follow:

• Human population growth
• Infections diseases
• Addictive drugs
• Environmental pollution

10.What are contributions of Abdul Malik Asmai in field of science? (2012,2014)

Ans:

He is considered the first Muslim scientist who studied animal in details. His famous writings include "Al-Abil (camel)" , "Al-Khail (horse)", "Al-Wahoosh (animal)", and Khalq al-ansan".

11.Define Bio elements? Enlist them. (2014, SWL 2015, GRW 2015)

Ans:

 Out of 92 kinds of elements that occur in nature, 16 are called bio elements. These take part in making the body mass of a living organism.

Out of these bio elements;

Only Six ( O, C, H, N, CA, & P) make 99% of the total mass.

Other ten ( K, S, Cl, Na, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, & I) collectively make 01% of the total mass.

12. Draw a percentage chart of composition of bio elements in protoplasm of living organisms?

Ans:

13.What is bio molecule?

Ans:

In organisms, bio elements usually do not occur in isolated form rather they combine through ionic or covalent bonding. The stable particle formed by such bonding is called as molecule or biomolecule.

14. Write down name of bio-elements groups? (2016)

Ans:

Following are the names of groups of bio-molecules.

•  Micromolecule
• Macromolecule

15. Difference between Micromolecules and Macromolecules?(RWP 2015, SGD 2018, 2015)

Ans:

Micro molecules	Macromolecules
i. The molecules with low molecular weight are called micro molecules. ii. Example: Glucose Water	i. The molecules with high molecular weight are called macromolecules. ii. Example: Starch Protein

16. What is difference between organelle and cell?

Ans:

Organelles	Cell
i.                     Bio-molecules assemble in a particular way and form organelles.   ii.                   Example:                      Mitochondria                      Ribosomes	i.                     The organelles are actually sub-cellular structure and when they assemble together, cells are formed. ii.                   Example:                      Animal cell                       Plant Cell

 

17. Define tissue with example? (2015)

Ans:

In multicellular organisms, similar cells( performing similar functions) are organized into groups, called tissues.

Example:

There are different types of plant tissues e.g. epidermal tissue, ground tissue, etc. Animal tissue are also of different types e.g. nervous tissue, muscular tissues etc.

18. Define individual?

Ans:

Different organs and organ system are organized together to form an individual or organism.

Example:

When a man is engaged in continuous and hard exercise, not only his muscles are working but also there is an increase in the rate of respiration and heart beat.  

19. Define Population? (MTN 2014, DGK 2015,2019)

Ans:

A population is located at the same place, in the same time. 

Example:

According to the Ministry of Population Welfare, Government of Pakistan the human population of Pakistan in 2010 comprises of 173.5 milion.

20. Define community with its types. (2012,2013,2014,2019)

Ans:

An assemblage of different population, interaction with one another within the same environment is called community.

Example:

A forest

Types

Following are the type of community

Complex community

some communities are complex these are given bellow:

• A forest community
• A pond community

Simple Community

some communities are simple these are given bellow:

Example:

A fallen log with various population under it. In simple community number and size of  population is limited. 

21. Write the scientific name of frog and mustard plant?(LHR2012, SWL2014, SGD 2014, BRW2015)

Ans:

The Scientific name of mustard plant is: (Brassica campestris)

The Scientific name of Frog is : (Rana tigrina)

22.Write the importance of mustard plants?(DGK2015, MTN 2015)

Ans:

Importance of mustard plant are given bellow:

The plant body is used as vegetable and its seeds are used for extracting oil. Its stem and branches as a vegetable.

23. Define organ with example?

Ans:

In higher multicellular organism more than one type of tissue having related functions are organized together and make a unit, called organ.

Example:

Stomach is an organ specialized for the digestion of protein and for storing food.

24.What is cell biology? (2013)

Ans:

The study of the structure and functions of cells and cell organelles is called cell biology. This branch also deal with the study of cell division.

25.Write name of three division of biology?

Ans:

 There are three major divisions of biology which study the different aspects of the lives of the major groups of organisms.

• Zoology
• Botany
• Microbiology

26.What is horticulture? (2013)

Ans:

Horticulture is the art of cultivating plants in gardens to produce food and medicinal ingredients.

For Example:

Tree, bush and and perennial vine fruits etc.

27. What is biosphere and zone of life? (2018)

Ans:

The part of the Earth inhabited by organisms' communities is known as biosphere. It constitutes all ecosystems ( areas where living organism interact with the nonliving components of the environment) and is also called the zone of life on Earth.

28. What do you know about profession Agriculture?

Ans:

This profession deals with the food crops and animal which are the source of food. An agriculturist works for the betterment of crops like wheat, rice, corn etc. and animals like buffalo, cow etc. from which we get food. 

29. Write the name of famous book of Jabir Bin Hayan?

Ans:

His famous book are given name:

• "Al-Nabatat"
• "Al-Haywan"

30.Write the name of tissue present in stomach?

Ans:

Two major type of tissue are present in its structure these are given bellow:

• Epithelial(glandular) tissue
• Muscular tissue

31.Define zoology?

Ans:

Zoology is major division of biology. This division of biology deals with the study of animal.

32. What do you know about Paleontology? (2011)

Ans:

Paleontology is the branch of biology. It is the study of fossils, which are the remains of extinct organisms.

33.What is the role of Bu Ali Sina in the field of biology? (2011, 2016)

Ans:

He is honored  as the founder of medicine and called as Avicenna in the West. He was a physician, philosopher, astronomer and poet. One of his books " Al-Qanun-fi al-Tib" is known as the canon of medicine in the West.

34. Define physiology and anatomy. (2019, 2015)

Ans:

Anatomy:

 The study of internal structure is called anatomy.

Physiology:

This branch deals with the study of the function of different parts of living organisms.

35.Compare cell level and tissue level?

Ans:

Cells	Tissues
i.                     Cells are the smallest, structural, and functional unit of an organism.  ii.                  Cells are microscopic.	i.                    Tissues are the distinct types of material consisting of specialized cells and also types of their products. ii.                  Tissues are macroscopic.

36. Write the definition of bio chemistry?

Ans:

It deals with the study of chemistry of different compounds and processes occurring in living organisms. For example the study of basic metabolism of photosynthesis and respiration involves the knowledge of chemistry.  

37. describe vegetative organs of plants with two example. (2017)

Ans:

 Root, stem, vegetative organs, which do not take part in the sexual reproduction pf the plant. Flowers are the reproductive parts of the plant because they take part in sexual reproduction and produce fruits and seeds.

38.what is animal Husbandry?

Ans:  

It is the branch of agriculture concerned with the care and breeding of domestic animals (livestock) e.g. cattle, sheep etc. Professional courses in animal husbandry can be adopted after the higher secondary education in biology.   

39. Difference between botany and zoology? (2017,2015)

Ans:

Zoology:

“This division of biology deals with the study of animals “.

Botany:

“This division of biology deals with the study of plants”.

40. Differentiate between function of mitochondria and ribosomes. (2016)

Ans:

Biomolecule assemble in a particular way and form organelles. The organelles are actually sub-cellular structure in the cells.

For example; mitochondria are specialized for cellular respiration and ribosomes are specialized for protein synthesis.

41. write down name of bio-molecules groups.

Ans:

Biomolecules are divided into to groups these are given below:

• Micro molecule
• Macro molecule

42. How biotechnology helps mankind? (2015)

Ans:

It deals with of the particle application of living organism to make substance for the welfare of mankind.

43.Explain macro macromolecules with an example?(2014,2015,2018)

Ans:

 The molecules with high molecular weight are called macromolecules.

ii. Example:

• Starch
• Protein

 

44.what do you meant by organs system? (2014)

Ans:

Different organs performing related function are organized together in the form of an organ system.

For example

Digestive system is an organ system that carries out the process of digestion.

 

 

 

LONG QUESTION

1.Explain any four careers related with biology?(2015,2016)

Ans:

The following are the careers that a student of biology can plan to adopt.

Main five career are given bellow.

1.       Animal husbandry:

It is the branch of agriculture concerned with the care and breeding of domestic animal (livestock) e.g. cattle, sheep etc. Professional courses in animal husbandry can be adopted after the higher secondary education in biology.

2.       Agriculture:

This profession deals with the food crops and animal which are the source of food. An agriculturist works for the betterment of crops like wheat, rice, corn etc. and animal like buffalo, cow etc. From which we get food. In Pakistan there are many universities which offer professional courses on agriculture after the higher secondary education in biology.

3.       Medicine/Surgery

The profession of medicine deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in human. In surgery the part of the body mat be repaired, replaced or removed, For example the removal of stone through renal surgery, transplantation of kidney, liver etc. Both these profession are studied in the same basic course (MBBS) and then student go for specialization

4.       Biotechnology:

It is the latest profession in the field of biology. Biotechnologists study and work foe the production of useful product through microorganisms. Universities offer courses in biotechnology after the higher secondary education in biology and after the bachelor level studies of botany or zoology.

5.Horticulture:

It deals with art of gardening. A horticulturist works for the betterment of exiting varieties and for the production of new varieties of ornamental plants and fruit plants. Biology students can adopt this profession after their higher secondary education.

2. Explain the relationship of biology to any other four science?

Ans:

Each branch of science has relationship with all other branches.

1.       Biophysics:

It deals with the study of the principles of physics, which are applicable to biological phenomena. Foe example there is a similarity between the working principles of lever in physics and limbs of animals in biology.

2.       Biochemistry:

It deal with the study of the chemistry of different compounds and processes occurring   in living organism. For example the study of basic metabolism of photosynthesis and respiration involves the knowledge of chemistry.

3.       Biomathematics/ biometry:

It deals with the study of biological process using mathematical techniques and tools. For example to analyze the data gathered after experimental work, biologists have to apply the rules of mathematics.

4.       Biogeography :

It deal with study of the occurrence and distribution of different species of living organisms in different geographical regions of the world. It applies the knowledge of the characteristics of particular geographical regions to determine the characteristics of living organism found there.there.

5.       Bio economics:

It deals with the study of organisms from economical point of view. For example the cost value and profile value of the yield of wheat can be calculated through bio economics and benefits or losses can be determine.

3.Describe role of Muslim scientist. (2016)

Ans:

Muslim scientists have made great contributions to the study of science and we are aware of their success in different fields of science. Here we would summarize the work of Jabir Bin Hayan, Abdul Malik Asmai, Bu Ali Sina in the development of the day knowledge of plant and animal.

Jabir Bin Hayan:

He was born in Iran and practiced medicine in Iraq. He introduces experimental investigation in chemistry and also wrote a number of books on plant and animals. His famous book are " Al-Nabatat" and "Al-Haywan".

Abdul Malik Asmai:

He is considered the first Muslim scientist who studied animals in details. His famous writing include " Al-Abil(camel)", "Al-Khail(horse)", "Al-Wahoosh(animal)", and "Khalq al-ansan".

Bu Ali Sina:

He is honored as the founder of medicine and called as Avicenna in the West. He was a physician, philosopher, astronomer and poet. One of his books "Al-Qanun-fi al-Tib" is known as the canon of medicine in the West.

4. Biology is divided into different branches. Explain any four.(2016)

There are three main divisions of biology.

• Zoology
• Botany
• Microbiology 

These division are further divided into different branches as defined bellow:

Pharmacology:

It is the study of drugs and their effects on the system of human body. For example Paracetamol used as a pain-killer.

Biotechnology:

It deals with the practical application of living organisms to make substance for the welfare of mankind.

Genetics:

The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called genetics. Inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to other generation. 

Cell biology:

The study of the structure and functions of cells and cell organelles is called cell biology. This branch also deals with the study of cell division.

Morphology:

This branch deals with the study of from and structure of living organisms.

5. Write down details of two professions related to biology.(2018)

OR

Which profession can be adopted after biological studies? Explain any five.( 2014, 2019)

Ans:( See long Question 1)

6. Explain population level and community level?(2017)

Ans:

Population level :

Biologist extend their studies to the population level where they study interactions among members of the same species living in same habitat. 

Example:

According to the Ministry of Population Welfare, Government of Pakistan the human population of Pakistan in 2010 comprises of 173.5 millions.

Community level:

An assemblage of different populations, interacting with one another within the same environment. A forest may be considered as a community. It includes different plant, microorganisms, fungi and animal species. 

Example:

A forest

Types

Following are the type of community

Complex community

some communities are complex these are given bellow:

• A forest community
• A pond community

Simple Community

some communities are simple these are given bellow:

Example:

A fallen log with various population under it. In simple community number and size of  population is limited. 

7. Describe unicellular, multicellular and colonial organisms.(2018)

All the organisms have been divided into five groups i.e. prokaryotes, protists, fungi, plants and animals. All organisms in first group are made of prokaryotic cells whiles all other groups have eukaryotic cells. Cells organize in three ways to make the bodies of organisms. Cells make unicellular, colonials, and multicellular organizations.

Unicellular organisms:

In unicellular organisms, only one cell makes the life of an organism. All the life activities are carried out by the only cell. Amoeba, Paramecium, and Euglena  are common examples.

Colonial organisms:

In colonial type of cellular organization, many unicellular organisms live together but do not have any division of labor among them. Each unicellular organism in a colony lives its own life and does not depend on other cells for its vital requirements. Volvox is a green alga found in water that shows colonial organization. Hundreds of Volvox cells make a colony.

Multicellular Organisms:

In multicellular organization, cells are organized in the form of tissues, organs and organ system. Frog and mustard  are the familiar examples of multicellular organization.

8. Write down the function of community level in level of organization of organism.

Ans:(See the Long Question 6)

9. Describe the role of gastric gland in stomach. 

Ans:

The gastric gland is the primary secretory unit of the stomach. The gastric gland is and essential body component because it secretes gastric juice. Pepsin helps in digestion of proteins. In higher multicellular organisms more than one type of tissue having related functions are organized together and make a unit, called organ.

Stomach is an organ specialized for the digestion of proteins and storing food. Two major types of tissue are present in its structure. Epithelial(glandular) tissue secretes gastric juice for the digestion of proteins. Muscular tissue performs contractions of stomach walls for grinding of food and move food to posterior end. So, two tissue perform their specific function.

For example, digestive system is an organ system that carries out the process of digestion. Major organs in its framework are oral cavity, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, and pancreas. All these organs help in the process of digestion.

10. Write note on Mustard plant and Frog?

Ans

Mustard plant:

 Mustard plant  is present in multicellular organization. The scientific name of mustard plant is Brassica campestris. The plant body used as a vegetable and its seeds are used for extracting oil. Root stem, branches, and leaves are the vegetative organs, which do not take part in sexual reproduction of the plant. Flowers are the reproductive parts of the plant because they take part in sexual reproduction and produce fruits and seeds. 

                     

Frog:

Frog show the multicellular organization. Its scientific name is( Rana tigrina ). The body is made of organ systems and each organ system consist of related organs. All the organs are made of specific tissues( epithelial, glandular, muscular, nervous etc).